One of the main links of every car is the differential which is a collection of gears that work together to help make the most out of the engine’s combustion process. Once the engine is able to generate enough power to make the wheels move, it’s the diff’s job to help make that force usable by the wheels.
With the help of the transmission and clutch the energy from the engine is transferred to the differential which then converts it into torque which makes the wheels turn. Differentials help not only convert but also aim the power from the engine to the wheels. Differentials also allow the wheels to rotate at different speeds.
Electronic Locking Differentials
How They Work
Locking differentials are used in 4×4 vehicles to help improve traction as they lock both wheels on the same axle so that they turn at the same speed. The same happens with a modern electronic locking axle which works with the help of a sensor that detects when the wheels are struggling and locks them to each other. By many, an electronic locking differential is considered to be far superior to a mechanical one.
Benefits
The main reason why that is the case is because an electronic locking diff is able to automatically lock the wheels when there’s low traction. This makes it far more convenient than a standard electronic locking differential but it also makes it perform better. The latter is especially true if you’re not experienced when it comes to off-roading. With an electronic locking axle, you won’t have to worry about it though as it will be your right hand when going over challenging terrain as long as you have the right tyres.
Automatic vs Selectable Locking Differentials
Not all locking differentials are made the same, hence why they’re divided into two categories, automatic and selectable locking diffs.
Automatic locking diffs are able to control when they lock the wheels or when they open up so that they work independently. Some of them stay locked most of the time and only let the wheels turn independently when the system seems it’s suitable. Others don’t lock the wheels unless the need for more traction occurs.
Selectable locking differentials allow you to engage the diff on your own whenever you feel like you need that extra grip. They are considered to be a more versatile solution that will last you a long time and cause fewer issues but they are still not as easy and affordable to fix as automatic ones. Selectable locking differentials are not meant for strictly off-roading vehicles as they don’t always let you engage the differential as efficiently.
Other Types of Locking Differentials
Air
When it comes to selectable licking diffs you have two options and one of them is air lockers. These types of locking differentials are accompanied by a compressor which makes the locking operation rather quick but also adds to the complexity of the system. If you want to ride your off-roader off a beaten path too, then you should go for an air locking differential.
Cable-Operated
With a cable-operated locking differential you get to decide when to engage the system but it’s not operated by a pneumatic system instead, it uses a manual shifter that’s operated by a cable. You still press a button it’s just that the system is not as quick but it’s definitely a more reliable solution than an air-operated electronic locking diff.
Detroit
The best locking diff an off-roading rig can have is a Detroit locking diff which stays locked unless there are forces strong enough to make the wheels spin at different speeds. This is thanks to three ratchet gears which keep the wheels together unless it’s truly not needed. Other than driving on a beaten path, vehicles with this type of locking diff aren’t going to be that good in other driving conditions such as on smooth asphalt.
Lunchbox
A lunchbox locking diff is an automatic locking differential that is fitted to vehicles that have an open diff. Also called drop-in locking differentials, they are a retrofit solution that replaces the original spider gears with what are known as lunchbox lockers, everything else stays the same. The locker activates when there is enough torque and then locks the diff to provide even distribution and keep both wheels spinning at the same speed. Lunchbox locking diffs are quite affordable because they don’t fully replace the differential, just its internals.
Final Thoughts
As complex as all this terminology about axles may seem, the operation of a locking diff isn’t and the same goes for open diffs. The fact that you have or want to have a vehicle with an electronic locking diff means you want to have some fun be it occasionally or whenever you go out with it. No matter which locking diff you have you will have fun it’s just finding out whether or not it fits your driving habits.
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